RESUMO
This study aimed to determine Blood Lead Levels (BLL) in schoolchildren 6-14 years old exposed to industrial sources of lead and evaluated the role of socioeconomic condition. A cross-sectional study was conducted in an area likely to be exposed to industrial pollutants in northern Cali (i.e., distance and wind direction) and in a "non-exposed" area. In children in two schools of corresponding study areas, venous samples (5 ml) were collected to determine BLL by graphite furnace absorption spectrometry. Using regression models, we evaluated the association between risk factors to BLL and the effect of modification with variables of socioeconomic condition. We enrolled 350 schoolchildren. Schoolchildren in the exposed area had higher prevalence of BLL of ≥ 5 µg/dl (44.2 vs. 8.2 %, p = 0.000) than those in non-exposed area. A positive association was found between exposure and BLL of ≥ 5 µg/dl (prevalence ratios (PR), 6.68; 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI), 3.95, 11.29). Demographic characteristics and socioeconomic condition such as age (PR, 1.45; 95 % CI, 1.03, 2.04), sex (PR, 1.84; 95 % CI, 1.30, 2.60), race (PR, 2.32; 95 % CI, 1.39, 3.89) and socioeconomic position (SEP; PR, 2.02; 95 % CI, 1.35, 3.04) were statistically significant and independently associated with BLL. There was a synergistic interaction between exposure to the industrial zone and SEP for higher BLL (coefficient, 0.80; 95 % CI, 0.17, 1.43). Residence in the northern urban area of Cali exposed to pollutants of an industrial zone is associated to an increased risk of higher BLL, especially among children from low SEC who are at greater risk of exposure and susceptibility.
Assuntos
Chumbo/sangue , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adolescente , Criança , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Poluentes Ambientais/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Introducción. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto de un sitio de disposición final de residuos sólidos sobre la salud respiratoria de adultos mayores de 50 años, residentes en su área de influencia. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de cohortes que incluyó un grupo de 313 adultos mayores de 50 años expuestos al Botadero de Navarro y otro de 359 no expuestos, seguidos durante seis meses, para comparar la incidencia mensual de síntomas respiratorios y alteraciones en el flujo espiratorio pico. Resultados. Después de ajustar por edad, sexo, escolaridad, humedad, afiliación a salud, enfermedades concomitantes, tabaquismo y exposición ocupacional previa, la exposición al Botadero de Navarro se asoció con la presencia de uno o más síntomas respiratorios (OR=1,25; IC95%: 1,01-1,56), síntomas respiratorios moderados (OR=1,28; IC95%: 0,98-1,66), pero no se encontró asociación con síntomas respiratorios graves (OR= 1,16; IC95%: 0,89-1,50). Se evidenció una mayor recurrencia de síntomas en los adultos de la zona expuesta (coeficiente de correlación=0,29, IC95%: 0,23-0,33, p=0,000). En los adultos expuestos al Botadero de Navarro, se encontró en la función pulmonar una reducción significativa del flujo espiratorio pico (-15,19 L/minuto; IC95%: -30,16-0,22). Conclusión. Este estudio muestra que, independientemente de los potenciales factores de confusión, la salud respiratoria de los adultos mayores de 50 años expuestos al Botadero de Navarro está afectada con una mayor presencia y cronicidad de síntomas respiratorios moderados y una disminución de la función pulmonar.
Introduction. This study evaluated the impact of the presence of a dump on respiratory health in adults older than 50 years of age, living in its area of influence. Materials and methods. A cohort study was conducted with 313 adults older than 50 years of age living near the Navarro Dump (Cali, Colombia) and compared with 359 adults in an unexposed area. Each was examined monthly during a 6 month period to compare the incidence of respiratory symptoms and alterations in peak expiratory flow. Results. Exposure to the Navarro Dump was associated with occurrence of respiratory symptoms (odds ratio=1.25, 95% C.I. 1.01-1.56), in particular with mild respiratory symptoms (odds ratio=1.28, 95% C.I. 0.98-1.66). This result was obtained after adjusting for age, sex, education level, humidity, health insurance, comorbidity, smoking and previous occupational exposure. A higher recurrence of symptoms was found in adults in the area of exposure (correlation coefficient=0.29, 95% C.I. 0.23-0.33, p<0.001) and a significant reduction in the lung function defined by peak expiratory flow; the average decrease was15.2 L/min (95% C.I. -30.2 to +0.22). Conclusion. Independent of potential confounding factors, the respiratory health of adults exposed to the Navarro Dump was affected and exhibited an increased occurrence and recurrence of mild respiratory symptoms as well as decreased lung function.
Assuntos
Humanos , Poluição Ambiental , Eliminação de Resíduos , Descargas a Céu Aberto , Idoso , Sistema RespiratórioRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the impact of the presence of a dump on respiratory health in adults older than 50 years of age, living in its area of influence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort study was conducted with 313 adults older than 50 years of age living near the Navarro Dump (Cali, Colombia) and compared with 359 adults in an unexposed area. Each was examined monthly during a 6 month period to compare the incidence of respiratory symptoms and alterations in peak expiratory flow. RESULTS: Exposure to the Navarro Dump was associated with occurrence of respiratory symptoms (odds ratio=1.25, 95% C.I. 1.01-1.56), in particular with mild respiratory symptoms (odds ratio=1.28, 95% C.I. 0.98-1.66). This result was obtained after adjusting for age, sex, education level, humidity, health insurance, comorbidity, smoking and previous occupational exposure. A higher recurrence of symptoms was found in adults in the area of exposure (correlation coefficient=0.29, 95% C.I. 0.23-0.33, p<0.001) and a significant reduction in the lung function defined by peak expiratory flow; the average decrease was 15.2 L/min (95% C.I. -30.2 to +0.22). CONCLUSION: Independent of potential confounding factors, the respiratory health of adults exposed to the Navarro Dump was affected and exhibited an increased occurrence and recurrence of mild respiratory symptoms as well as decreased lung function.
